转享：visual guide to nosql systems

原来OOjdon尽看翻墙的先进知识。图和网址都无法访问，呵呵 ...

In addition to CAP configurations, another significant way data management systems vary is by the data model they use: relational, key-value, column-oriented, or document-oriented (there are others, but these are the main ones).

Relational systems are the databases we've been using for a while now. RDBMSs and systems that support ACIDity and joins are considered relational.
Key-value systems basically support get, put, and delete operations based on a primary key.
Column-oriented systems still use tables but have no joins (joins must be handled within your application). Obviously, they store data by column as opposed to traditional row-oriented databases. This makes aggregations much easier.
Document-oriented systems store structured "documents" such as JSON or XML but have no joins (joins must be handled within your application). It's very easy to map data from object-oriented software to these systems.

Consistent, Available (CA) Systems have trouble with partitions and typically deal with it with replication. Examples of CA systems include:

Traditional RDBMSs like Postgres, MySQL, etc (relational)
Vertica (column-oriented)
Aster Data (relational)
Greenplum (relational)
Consistent, Partition-Tolerant (CP) Systems have trouble with availability while keeping data consistent across partitioned nodes. Examples of CP systems include:

BigTable (column-oriented/tabular)
Hypertable (column-oriented/tabular)
HBase (column-oriented/tabular)
MongoDB (document-oriented)
Terrastore (document-oriented)
Redis (key-value)
Scalaris (key-value)
MemcacheDB (key-value)
Berkeley DB (key-value)
Available, Partition-Tolerant (AP) Systems achieve "eventual consistency" through replication and verification. Examples of AP systems include:

Dynamo (key-value)
Voldemort (key-value)
Tokyo Cabinet (key-value)
KAI (key-value)
Cassandra (column-oriented/tabular)
CouchDB (document-oriented)
SimpleDB (document-oriented)
Riak (document-oriented)