今天，我们有了一类称为日志聚合系统的应用程序。当我们拥有大量微服务并且我们希望跨微服务跟踪日志时，日志聚合很有用。
传统的Java应用程序日志如下所示：
2020-09-17 21:56:10.740 INFO [Orders:restartedMain::] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer - Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
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使用下面方法对日志进行搜索：
cat application.log | grep <your-search>
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有人想出了这种不同的方法，为什么在主要用于搜索时为什么不以更可搜索的格式存储日志。JSON碰巧很容易被搜索到，从而进行JSON日志记录。另一种引用方式是结构化日志，因为日志具有定义明确的结构，以后可以用来搜索。
以JSON格式显示的相同应用程序日志如下所示：
{
"@timestamp": "2020-06-17T14:41:11.174-04:00",
"@version": "1",
"message": "Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)",
"logger_name": "org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer",
"thread_name": "restartedMain",
"level": "INFO",
"level_value": 20000
}
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要以JSON格式记录日志，需要包含2个依赖项。如果您使用maven进行依赖性管理，则将包括以下依赖性
<dependency>
<groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
<version>6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
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在这里，我们使用的是logstash-logback-encoder库
然后，我们可以使用以下代码段将json编码器配置为logback<encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LogstashEncoder">
<providers>
<timestamp>
<timeZone>EST</timeZone>
</timestamp>
<pattern>
<pattern>
{
"level": "%level",
"service": "orders",
"traceId": "%X{X-B3-TraceId:-}",
"spanId": "%X{X-B3-SpanId:-}",
"thread": "%thread",
"class": "%logger{40}",
"message": "%message"
}
</pattern>
</pattern>
<stackTrace>
<throwableConverter class="net.logstash.logback.stacktrace.ShortenedThrowableConverter">
<maxDepthPerThrowable>30</maxDepthPerThrowable>
<maxLength>2048</maxLength>
<shortenedClassNameLength>20</shortenedClassNameLength>
<rootCauseFirst>true</rootCauseFirst>
</throwableConverter>
</stackTrace>
</providers>
</encoder>
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因此，让我们假设您想将数据作为传统日志记录到控制台，并将它们作为json记录到文件，我们可以如下配置logback xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/console.xml"/>
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5p [Orders:%thread:%X{X-B3-TraceId}:%X{X-B3-SpanId}] %logger{40} - %msg%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<appender name="fileout"
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<File>./logs/orders.log</File>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
<maxIndex>8</maxIndex>
<FileNamePattern>./logs/orders.log.%i
</FileNamePattern>
</rollingPolicy>
<triggeringPolicy
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
<MaxFileSize>128MB</MaxFileSize>
</triggeringPolicy>
<encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LogstashEncoder">
<providers>
<timestamp>
<timeZone>EST</timeZone>
</timestamp>
<pattern>
<pattern>
{
"level": "%level",
"service": "orders",
"traceId": "%X{X-B3-TraceId:-}",
"spanId": "%X{X-B3-SpanId:-}",
"thread": "%thread",
"class": "%logger{40}",
"message": "%message"
}
</pattern>
</pattern>
<stackTrace>
<throwableConverter class="net.logstash.logback.stacktrace.ShortenedThrowableConverter">
<maxDepthPerThrowable>30</maxDepthPerThrowable>
<maxLength>2048</maxLength>
<shortenedClassNameLength>20</shortenedClassNameLength>
<rootCauseFirst>true</rootCauseFirst>
</throwableConverter>
</stackTrace>
</providers>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="fileout" />
<appender-ref ref="stdout" />
</root>
</configuration>
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有关带有json日志记录的完整spring boot应用程序，请参阅示例应用程序订单或发货