使用Spring Cloud Stream和RabbitMQ实现事件驱动的微服务

让我们展示如何使用Spring Cloud Stream来设计事件驱动的微服务。首先，Spring Cloud Stream首先有什么好处？因为Spring AMPQ提供了访问AMPQ工件所需的一切。如果您不熟悉Spring AMPQ，请查看此repo，其中包含许多有用的示例。那么为什么要使用Spring Cloud Stream ......？

Spring Cloud Stream概念

Spring Cloud Stream通过Binder概念将使用过的消息代理与Spring Integration消息通道绑定在一起。支持RabbitMQ和Kafka。
Spring Cloud Stream将基础架构配置从代码中分离为属性文件。这意味着即使您更改了底层代理，您的Spring Integration代码也将是相同的！

示例中的Spring Cloud Stream概念（RabbitMQ）
让我们有一个名为streamInput的交换，它有两个队列streamInput.cities和streamInput.persons。现在让我们将这两个队列插入两个消息通道citiesChannel和personsChannel来消费来自它的传入消息。使用Spring AMPQ，您需要创建SimpleMessageListenerContainer并在代码中连接基础结构。但这有很多样板代码。使用Spring Cloud Stream，您可以将AMPQ配置分离到属性文件：

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.citiesChannel.destination=streamInput
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.citiesChannel.group=cities
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.citiesChannel.consumer.durableSubscription=true
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.citiesChannel.consumer.bindingRoutingKey=cities

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.personsChannel.destination=streamInput
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.personsChannel.group=persons
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.personsChannel.consumer.durableSubscription=true
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.personsChannel.consumer.bindingRoutingKey=persons

配置详细信息
在类路径上使用RabbitMQ Binder,每个目标都映射到TopicExchange。在示例中，我创建了名为streamInput的TopicExchange，并将其附加到两个消息通道citiesChannel和personsChannel。

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.citiesChannel.destination = streamInput 
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.personsChannel.destination = streamInput

现在您需要了解RabbitMQ绑定器的灵感来自Kafka，队列的消费者被分组到消费者组中，其中只有一个消费者将获得消息。这是有道理的，因为您可以轻松扩展消费者。
因此，让我们创建两个队列streamInput.persons和streamInput.cities并将它们附加到streamInput TopicExchange和提到的消息通道

# This will create queue "streamInput.cities" connected to message channel citiesChannel where input messages will land.
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.citiesChannel.group=cities 

# Durable subscription, of course.
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.citiesChannel.consumer.durableSubscription=true 

# AMPQ binding to exchange (previous spring.cloud.stream.bindings.<channel name>.destination settings).
# Only messages with routingKey = 'cities' will land here.
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.citiesChannel.consumer.bindingRoutingKey=cities 

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.personsChannel.group=persons
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.personsChannel.consumer.durableSubscription=true
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.personsChannel.consumer.bindingRoutingKey=persons

连接属性到Spring Integration
好的，到目前为止我创建了两个队列。StreamInput.cities绑定到citiesChannel。StreamInput.persons绑定到peopleChannel。
<destination>.<group>是Spring Cloud Stream约定的队列命名，现在让我们将它连接到Spring Integration：

package com.example.spring.cloud.configuration;

import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Input;
import org.springframework.messaging.SubscribableChannel;

/**
 * Created by tomask79 on 30.03.17.
 */
public interface SinkRabbitAPI {

    String INPUT_CITIES = "citiesChannel";

    String INPUT_PERSONS = "personsChannel";

    @Input(SinkRabbitAPI.INPUT_CITIES)
    SubscribableChannel citiesChannel();

    @Input(SinkRabbitAPI.INPUT_PERSONS)
    SubscribableChannel personsChannel();
}

Spring Boot启动时加载这个属性

package com.example.spring.cloud;

import com.example.spring.cloud.configuration.SinkRabbitAPI;
import com.example.spring.cloud.configuration.SourceRabbitAPI;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableBinding({SinkRabbitAPI.class})
public class StreamingApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamingApplication.class, args);
    }
}

在此之后，我们可以创建消费者从绑定的消息通道中的队列接收消息：

import com.example.spring.cloud.configuration.SinkRabbitAPI;
import com.example.spring.cloud.configuration.SourceRabbitAPI;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.integration.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Created by tomask79 on 30.03.17.
 */
@Service
public class ProcessingAMPQEndpoint {

    @StreamListener(SinkRabbitAPI.INPUT_CITIES)
    public void processCity(final String city) {
        System.out.println("Trying to process input city: "+city);
    }

    @StreamListener(SinkRabbitAPI.INPUT_PERSONS)
    public void processPersons(final String person) {
        System.out.println("Trying to process input person: "+person);
    }
}

RabbitMQ绑定器和代理配置
Spring Cloud Stream如何知道在哪里寻找消息中间件？如果在类路径中找到RabbitMQ绑定器，则使用默认RabbitMQ主机（localhost）和端口（5672）连接到RabbitMQ服务器。如果您的消息中间件配置在不同端口，则需要配置属性：

spring:
  cloud:
    stream:
      bindings:
        ...
      binders:
          rabbitbinder:
            type: rabbit
            environment:
              spring:
                rabbitmq:
                  host: rabbitmq
                  port: 5672
                  username: XXX
                  password: XXX

测试消息消费

安装并运行RabbitMQ代理
git clone https：//tomask79@bitbucket.org/tomask79/spring-cloud-stream-rabbitmq.git
mvn clean install
java -jar target / streaming-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
现在使用路由键'cities'或'persons'在streamInput Exchange上发布消息...输出应该是：

Started StreamingApplication in 6.513 seconds (JVM running for 6.92) 
Trying to process input city: sdjfjljksdflkjsdflkjsdfsfd
Trying to process input person: sdjfjljksdflkjsdflkjsdfsfd

使用Spring Cloud Stream重新传递消息
您通常希望在进入DLX交换之前再次尝试接收消息。首先，让我们配置Spring Cloud Stream尝试重新发送失败消息的次数：

spring.cloud.stream.bindings.personsChannel.consumer.maxAttempts = 6

这意味着如果从streamInput.persons队列接收的消息出错，那么Spring Cloud Stream将尝试重新发送六次。让我们试试，首先让我们修改接收端点以模拟接收崩溃：

 @StreamListener(SinkRabbitAPI.INPUT_PERSONS)
    public void processPersons(final String person) {
        System.out.println("Trying to process input person: "+person);
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }

如果我现在尝试使用人员路由键将某些内容发布到streamInput交换中，那么这应该是输出：

Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
Trying to process input person: sfsdfsdfsd
 Retry Policy Exhausted
        at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.retry.RejectAndDontRequeueRecoverer.recover
(RejectAndDontRequeueRecoverer.java:45) ~[spring-rabbit-1.7.0.RELEASE.jar! /:na]
        at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.StatelessRetryOperationsInterc

建议将Spring Cloud Stream 用于事件驱动的MicroServices，因为它可以节省时间，而且您不需要为Java中的AMPQ基础架构编写样板代码。